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What is R290 Refrigerant?

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What is R290 Refrigerant?

R290 is a refrigerant-grade propane used on a wide range of commercial refrigeration and air conditioning units. A highly pure propane, it has a low environmental impact and nominal global warming potential (GWP), meaning it possesses no qualities that can destroy the ozone layer. R290 refrigerant also is the preferred hydrocarbon alternative of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), replacing more harmful fluorocarbon refrigerants like R22, R134a, R404a and R502.

Units with R290 can only be maintained and repaired by authorized technicians who are properly trained and certified.

Common Appliances That Use R290

R290 hydrocarbon refrigerant can be found in a variety of commercial equipment. Some common units you could find this refrigerant include:

  • Undercounter freezers
  • Display cases
  • Air conditioners (usually smaller, self-contained units)
  • Heat pumps

Hydrocarbon Refrigerants

Aside from R290, there are other natural refrigerants used for a wide variety of commercial refrigerators, freezers and AC units. These also don't have ozone-depleting properties, lower flammability, low toxicity and have a low GWP.

  • A2L Refrigerants
    • R-454B: This type of refrigerant is a blend that offers a lower-GWP replacement for R-410A in resident AC and heat pumps.
    • R-32: This is a single-component refrigerant with high efficiency and a broader global use.

Why the Industry is Shifting to A2Ls

  • Higher Efficiency - These types of refrigerants offer higher cooling efficiency for each system.
  • Safety - With new regulations and updated building codes, A2Ls are a better option in systems with specific safety controls.
  • HFC Phase Out - The AIM Act is requiring large reductions in high-GWP refrigerants, making A2Ls a default for new units.

How Does R290 Compare to R600a?

Both R290 and R600a possess many of the same qualities. Both are not only preferred alternatives to fluorocarbon refrigerants, but they're also natural, environmentally friendly and flammable. So what's the difference between the two? Below are some key variations to know.

  • Refrigerant Charge Reduction
    • R290: ~40%
    • R600a: ~45%
  • Global Warming Potential
    • R290: 3
    • R600a: 3
  • Common Fluorocarbon Replacement
    • R290: R22
    • R600a: R12
  • Ignition Temperature
    • R290: 878°F (470°C)
    • R600a: 860°F (460°C)
  • Lower Flammability Limit
    • R290: 2.1% by volume
    • R600a: 1.5% by Volume
  • Upper Flammability Limit
    • R290: 9.5% by volume
    • R600a: 8.5% by volume

Is R290 Safe: Refrigerant Safety Tips

WARNING: Any handling of R290 refrigerant requires certified training and authorization. The tips and procedures outlined in this article are only for authorized service agents with proper certification. Performing these steps or any associated repairs on equipment without proper authorization, training or certification can be dangerous and void the manufacturer warranty. Authorized technicians should refer to manufacturer instructions for further information. Parts Town disclaims any liability for property damage, injury or death as a result of using these tips and procedures.

Unlike fluorocarbon refrigerants, hydrocarbon refrigerants are highly flammable. As a result, technicians must undergo proper training and certification and exercise extreme precautions when handling them. 

  • NEVER use propane as a substitute for equipment already outfitted for non-flammable fluorocarbon refrigerant.
  • Equip yourself with protective gloves, eyewear, safety shoes and antistatic workwear when handling propane refrigerant.
  • Always make sure the space you're in is properly ventilated. The unit should be away from any heat sources, electric devices or areas where sparks might be present.
  • Don't eat, drink or smoke while working close to propane refrigerant.  

FAQs

Is R290 flammable?

Yes! R290 is classified as a highly flammable refrigerant. Though it is eco-friendly and efficient, it requires strict safety measures and training to ensure safe handling and servicing.

Can I retrofit equipment to use R290?

While it may be possible, please note that retrofitting is very risky due to flammability, pressure differences, and certification requirements. It’s not recommended that anyone try to retrofit equipment to use R290.

What’s the global warming potential of R290?

The global warning potential (GWP) of R290 refrigerant is 3. This is significantly lower than the impact from many other refrigerant types, making R290 the most eco-friendly option for your equipment.

Is R290 the same as propane?

Yes! R290 is the designation for high-purity propane that’s used as a natural, green-type of refrigerant used in refrigeration and HVAC systems.

Is R290 refrigerant banned?

No. R290 isn’t banned, but it is used for specific units so be sure to check what type of unit you have and what kind of refrigerant it requires.

What is another name for R290 refrigerant?

Another name for R290 is propane. This type of refrigerant is a widely used, natural hydrocarbon refrigerant that’s used in commercial, industrial and domestic refrigeration.

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